Using Adjective Clauses (#3):
Types of Adjective Clauses
More on Subject Pattern Clauses
In addition to the general information that we've already
seen, subject pattern adjective (relative) clauses have some
special characteristics:
1.
Reductions: Clauses with BE
When a subject-pattern adjective clause
contains BE, the relative pronoun and
BE can often* be omitted:
The woman who is talking to Janet
is her sister. ---> The woman talking
to Janet is her sister.
That man who is from Sweden
speaks six languages. ---> That man
from Sweden speaks six languages.
The people who were injured in
the accident were friends of mine. --->
The people injured in the accident
were friends of mine.
The people who have been elected
have very high qualifications. --->
The people elected have very
high qualifications.
The skates that are beside the door
belong to my brother. --->
The skates beside the door belong to
my brother.
The meeting that's on Saturday
is very important. --->
The meeting on Saturday is
very important.
2.
Rephrasing: Clauses with HAVE
When an adjective clause contains
HAVE (meaning "own," "possess,"
or "is characterized by"), another
kind of change is possible:
Do you know anyone who has
change for a dollar? ---> Do you
know anyone with change for a dollar?
There's only one person who has
blond hair in my class. ---> There's
only one person with blond hair
in my class.
I live in the house that has the
palm tree in front. ---> I live in the
house with the palm tree in front.
She likes food that has lots of
hot spices. ---> She likes food
with lots of hot spices.
3.
Rephrasing: Clauses with HAVE
When adjective clauses contain
BE wearing, BE wearing can be
changed to in:
The woman who is wearing
the green silk suit isa doctor. -->
The woman in the green silk suit
is a doctor.
The man who is wearing the red
plaid shirt is my brother. --->
The man in the red plaid shirt
is my brother.
__________________________________________
Special Notes:
1.
"Dropping" the relative pronoun + BE
is most common in these situations:
a. when the verb in the adjective clause
is progressive:
a man who was wearing a green suit --->
a man wearing a green suit
the woman who is sitting beside you --->
the woman sitting beside you
the dog that is barking so loudly --->
the dog barking so loudly
b. when the verb in the adjective clause
is passive:
a watch that was given to me
by my grandfather ---> a watch
given to me by my grandfather
jewelry that was made in Indonesia --->
jewelry made in Indonesia
music that was composed by Chopin --->
music composed by Chopin
parts that were manufactured in China --->
parts manufactured in China
c. when the verb in the adjective clause
is followed by a prepositional phrase:
the chair that is next to yours --->
the chair next to yours
a businessman who is from Macau --->
a businessman from Macau
my appointments that are
in the afternoon --->
my appointments in the afternoon
Important: The relative pronoun and BE
are not "dropped" when BE is followed
by an adjective:
people who are lonely /
wrong: *people lonely
a movie that is really exciting /
wrong: a movie really exciting
2.
Do not change a relative pronoun +
HAVE when HAVE does not mean
"own," "possess," or "is characterized by":
a thing that has to be done --->
wrong: *a thing with done
women who have (="give birth to")
premature babies --->
wrong: *women with premature babies
people who have a good time --->
wrong: *people with a good time (wrong)
Source ESL CAFE
Types of Adjective Clauses
More on Subject Pattern Clauses
In addition to the general information that we've already
seen, subject pattern adjective (relative) clauses have some
special characteristics:
1.
Reductions: Clauses with BE
When a subject-pattern adjective clause
contains BE, the relative pronoun and
BE can often* be omitted:
The woman who is talking to Janet
is her sister. ---> The woman talking
to Janet is her sister.
That man who is from Sweden
speaks six languages. ---> That man
from Sweden speaks six languages.
The people who were injured in
the accident were friends of mine. --->
The people injured in the accident
were friends of mine.
The people who have been elected
have very high qualifications. --->
The people elected have very
high qualifications.
The skates that are beside the door
belong to my brother. --->
The skates beside the door belong to
my brother.
The meeting that's on Saturday
is very important. --->
The meeting on Saturday is
very important.
2.
Rephrasing: Clauses with HAVE
When an adjective clause contains
HAVE (meaning "own," "possess,"
or "is characterized by"), another
kind of change is possible:
Do you know anyone who has
change for a dollar? ---> Do you
know anyone with change for a dollar?
There's only one person who has
blond hair in my class. ---> There's
only one person with blond hair
in my class.
I live in the house that has the
palm tree in front. ---> I live in the
house with the palm tree in front.
She likes food that has lots of
hot spices. ---> She likes food
with lots of hot spices.
3.
Rephrasing: Clauses with HAVE
When adjective clauses contain
BE wearing, BE wearing can be
changed to in:
The woman who is wearing
the green silk suit isa doctor. -->
The woman in the green silk suit
is a doctor.
The man who is wearing the red
plaid shirt is my brother. --->
The man in the red plaid shirt
is my brother.
__________________________________________
Special Notes:
1.
"Dropping" the relative pronoun + BE
is most common in these situations:
a. when the verb in the adjective clause
is progressive:
a man who was wearing a green suit --->
a man wearing a green suit
the woman who is sitting beside you --->
the woman sitting beside you
the dog that is barking so loudly --->
the dog barking so loudly
b. when the verb in the adjective clause
is passive:
a watch that was given to me
by my grandfather ---> a watch
given to me by my grandfather
jewelry that was made in Indonesia --->
jewelry made in Indonesia
music that was composed by Chopin --->
music composed by Chopin
parts that were manufactured in China --->
parts manufactured in China
c. when the verb in the adjective clause
is followed by a prepositional phrase:
the chair that is next to yours --->
the chair next to yours
a businessman who is from Macau --->
a businessman from Macau
my appointments that are
in the afternoon --->
my appointments in the afternoon
Important: The relative pronoun and BE
are not "dropped" when BE is followed
by an adjective:
people who are lonely /
wrong: *people lonely
a movie that is really exciting /
wrong: a movie really exciting
2.
Do not change a relative pronoun +
HAVE when HAVE does not mean
"own," "possess," or "is characterized by":
a thing that has to be done --->
wrong: *a thing with done
women who have (="give birth to")
premature babies --->
wrong: *women with premature babies
people who have a good time --->
wrong: *people with a good time (wrong)
Source ESL CAFE
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